THREE AUTHORS ON THE THE SCIENCE BEHIND RED LIGHT THERAPY 

About red light therapy several books have been written on the basis of scientific research. From three of them let's highlight some striking quotes. 

– Ari Whitten – The Ultimate Guide to Red Light Therapy (2018)
– Mark Sloan – Red Light Therapy – Miracle Medicine (2018, second edition)
– Stephanie Hallett – Healing with Red Light Therapy (2020)

Ari Whitten – The Ultimate Guide to Red Light Therapy (2018)

American biohacker Ari Whitten quotes in his book from research by Harvard professor Michael Hamblin, PhD, which turns out that therapy with red and near-infrared light reduces the signs of skin damage and DNA damage 77 and limited aging by UV rays. Also accelerates wound healing by improving the recovery of skin tissue and the growth of skin cells.

In it scientific journal Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery is in 2013 read about research that dozens of studies summarizes. With als conclusion that therapy with red and near-infrared light teking of aging can reduce.

Accelerated wound healing with red and near infrared light therapy
Whitten Writes: Red and near infrared light therapy are fantastic for wound healing. Dat was one of the original findings of the NASA study that red light therapy really put it on the map. In fact, it has been found that red and near-infrared light therapy 20% faster and with fewer scars helps wounds too close, even type wounds that not soon heals. Also, it is proven that red and near infrared light therapy reduces the appearance of facial scars.

Red light also increases blood circulation and the formation of new capillaries in the skin.Better blood circulation and the formation of new capillaries allow the injured area to receive more oxygen and nutrients it needs to start and keep the healing process going. Red and infrared light achieves this in several ways, namely cleaning up dead and damaged skin cells, increasing ATP in skin cells, giving cells more energy to heal themselves, increase in fibroblast production increasing blood flow, giving the wound more oxygen and nutrients needed for recovery, stimulating the production of collagen, the health of the extracellular matrix, stimulating lymph activity and stimulating the formation of new connective tissue and bloodbarrels on the surface of the wound.

Increased bone healing with red and near infrared light therapy
Research in animals and humans shows that therapy with red and near-infrared light greatly helps in the healing of fractures, fractures and bone defects. With broken bones, ATP production is interrupted, and cells begin to die from lack of energy. From rood and near-infrared light has been shown:

– Stimulatet the energy production in the bone cells

– Raiset the bone growth factors

– Improvet the formation of blood vessels and the flow of blood to the damaged area

- Limits inflammation

– Improvet the adhesion and production of collagen and pro–collagen and stimulates the growth of bone cells, which accelerate the bone repair process

Overall, bot exhibits that are beschenen with near-infrared wavelengths an increased bone formation and deposition of collagen. Red and near infrared light therapy is becoming popular in sports where fractures, sprains and fractures often occur – from horse racing to football.

Improve joint health and fight arthritis with red light therapy Examine show to that therapy with red and near-infrared light people with osteoarthritis [arthritis can lead to osteoarthritis] can help. It does this through four mechanisms:

– Reduce pain

– Limit reduce inflammation (decrease in proinflammatory cytokines) and increaseand of anti-inflammatory cytokines)

Increase circulation to the area

Stimulating wound healing and cellular repair mechanisms in the damaged joint

Here's what Michael Hamblin, PhD, wrote in his 2013 review of the scientific literature on this rood-lichttherapie, ook LLLT genoemd, Low-level laser therapy: ‘LLLT has been used clinically for years in osteoarthritis, but is still considered controversial. Although a Cochrane review reported mixed and conflicting results, a subsequent analysis, conducted by Bjordal and colleagues, concluded that neither the Cochrane review's conclusion was robust, nor valide been. Further sensitivity analyses with recording of valide examine who were not taken, alack of follow-up and omission subgroup analyzes revealed consistent and very significant results in favor of active LLLT for osteoarthritis.’

In short, although some published studies apparently did not produce positive results, a more detail overview of the research that red–lighttherapy massive has advantages in osteoarthritis. Benefits such as less reduce inflammation, paincombat to fight and the growth of connective tissue.

Improve heart health with red–light therapy
So far there are only animal studies complete the benefits of red light therapy for heart health and heart recovery after heart problems and surgery. In a recent systematic review (2017) of the scientific literature describe scientists that animal studies consistently have positive effects show from red light therapy, that the infarct size (the size of the damaged area at heart attacks) up to 76%ert, reducing inflammation and scarring and has tissue accelerated recoveryt.

In studies of cardiac tissue, red and near-infrared light therapy works through multiple molecular pathways, including modulation of inflammatory cytokines, signaling molecules, transcription factors, enzymes and antioxidants. Other investigations notes numerous advantages for cardiac function noted.

Reduce pain with redlichtherapy
Red light therapy has been shown to be remarkably effective in reducing joint pain invirtually all parts of the body. [Whitten lists some of the routes along which the light ziJN does healing work, such as] changes in opioid receptors in the tissue, vchanges in substance P and interference with nerve transmission and pain sensation. It is good to note that there are different types of pain caused by different things. Rood / NIR light therapy almost certainly does not work equally well for all types of pain, regardless of the location and cause of the pain. For that reason, not all studies on different types of pain have shown benefits.

In the most recent review of the scientific literature from 2014 notated:

"Studies have shown that LLLT can have positive effects on the symptomatology associated with chronic pain; however, this finding is not universal. A meta-analysis using effect sizes from 22 papers on LLLT and pain by Fulop et al. (2010) showed a total effect size of 0.84. ‘This is too classificerun as a large effect size and suggests a strong instruction LLLT use to reduce chronic pain.’

This is a number of disorders whereit has been found that red and NIR light is effective:

Chronic neck pain

Knee pain

Fibromyalgie

Low back pain

Chronic pain in the elbow, wrist and fingers

Chronic joint diseases

Sacroiliac joint pain

Chronic toothache

Arthrosis pain

Tendinitis and myofascial pain

So while not every study has shown benefits for every type of pain, the overwhelming body of evidence suggests that red and NIR light at least in any degree may be useful at most types of pain.

In a recent systematic review, researchers concluded that red light therapy ‘has proven beneficial for many people suffering from pain, regardless of the condition causing the pain’.

Improve muscle growth, strength, endurance and recovery with red light tearapie
‘Sports medicine will benefit from PPE [photobiomodulation] because both professional and amateur athletes can recover better from intense training - it also helps the process of training regimens. In the near future, sports agencies should learn dealing with’ laser doping ' by at least discussing it openly, because the previouslysaid beneficial effects and the pre-conditioning achieved by laser and LED irradiation will greatly improve athletic performance.’ — Michael Hamblin, PhD.

Red / NIR light on exertion be a powerful combination. Red / NIR light not only helps you recover faster, it also seems to reinforce everything that happens during exercise: increased muscle growth, fat loss, performance, strength and endurance. Research shows that both red and near-infrared light therapy can powerfully repair muscle tissue and help people perform better. It also helps the body get more benefits from exercise, both in terms of muscle growth and fat loss.

There is also research (albeit from animal studies) that shows that red and near-infrared light causes muscle loss can help prevent that occurs with aging. Muscle tissue has more mitochondria than virtually any other tissue or organ in the human body. The so reacts particularly well to redlichtherapy. The muscles are packed with mitochondria, because ATP [body energy] necessary for any muscle twitching and movement, no matter how insignificant.

Through their effect on ATP production and cellular healing mechanisms, red/NIR light helps individuals recover faster from strenuous exercise and resistance exercises, and it even helps prevent muscle fatigue during exercise. 324 Studies provide evidence that red and near-infrared light therapy powerfully helps prevent muscle fatigue, improves muscle strength and endurance, increases exercise fat loss responses, increases exercise muscle growth responses, and promotes faster recovery. Not crazy for a simple treatment of only a few minutes, right?

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Mark Sloan – Red Light Therapy – Miracle Medicine (2018, 2e editie)

In the conclusion of his book, Mark Sloan heads: paradigm shift-from medicine and surgery to food and light. Under which he notes: when you visit a doctor, you walk it risk of being diagnosed with one or more of the more than 30,000 ‘officially’ classified diseases. Health care professionals and also the public have been conditioned for decades that tens of thousands of diseases exist. For pharmaceutical manufacturers, the invention of each new disease means additional income from at least one new product. The more diseases are claimed, the more profit can be made. As Buckminster Fuller once wrote, "the truth is always beautiful and simple" – and the truth is that there is only one disease: a malfunctioning cell.

A poorly functioning cell
Of course, the main reason why drugs and surgical interventions have been such a colossal failure is that it is not due to a lack of poison or scalpels that cells begin to function poorly. Modern science has established that the emergence of diseases in the body is almost universally the result of a disruption in cellular metabolism. A cell that is unable to efficiently convert food into energy is perhaps the most accurate definition of an unhealthy cell. When a large number of cells in the body do not generate enough energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [body energy], then the organism as a whole is unhealthy. This decrease in energy production is the main cause of the complaints experienced by the patient. These symptoms are usually the reason people visit their doctor, who then diagnoses that there is a specific disease and then prescribes specific medications or surgery. While the symptomatic relief that some medications and surgeries provide benefits for patients in the short term, the root cause of the problem is only exacerbated in the long term by these interventions.

Conversely, when you avoid the things that poison cellular metabolic processes (such as toxins and injuries), and expose the body to factors that are essential for efficient metabolism (nutrients and light), then malfunctioning cells heal, symptoms disappear, and health is restored throughout the body.

The Red-Light Revolution
So far, more than 50,000 scientific studies have shown that red and near-infrared light is able to effectively provide recovery and improved function of virtually every cell or tissue in the body. According to the research, literally dozens of diseases and conditions can be effectively treated with red light. Since red light is an antioxidant and a non-tissue specific healing accelerator, the reality is that there are probably no ailments that cannot be resolved or at least significantly improved using red and near-infrared light. In addition, no negative side effects have been reported in the scientific literature so far.

What we now know is that enzymes in cells absorb light in the red and near-infrared parts of the light spectrum and that when they do, cellular metabolism improves. This improvement in energy production allows the body to perform all the vital functions it needs, not only to survive, but also to function and perform optimally. With that, health is what it has always been, a matter of energy.

No drug in the world has the track record of red light therapy in terms of safety and efficacy. Without the fact that red light devices are inexpensive and can last for decades, the pharmaceutical industry would call red light therapy the best treatment ever discovered. If you could put photons of red light in a pill, it would undoubtedly have been a blockbuster drug worth a billion dollars. But doctors will probably never tell you that unless they have an expensive red light therapy device that you can use for a fee. That's why I wrote this book. LED technology has made red light therapy cheap and available to virtually everyone within the comfort of your own home.

The solariums used by the ancient Egyptians for healing have not only survived the hardships of modern science, but have also been vindicated by it. The precise physiological mechanisms of red light on the organism have been discovered and presented in detail in this book. The final limit in the red light study has been reached. Once the red light revolution has engulfed the Earth, all toxic and ineffective drugs that come in its path will be replaced, and red light will be proclaimed as one of the safest and most miraculous drugs ever discovered.

Under the heading "the science," Sloan writes in his book: In 1904, two influential volumes on light therapy were published: ‘Light energy, its physics, physiological action and therapeutic applications van Margaret A. Cleaves en Elements of general radio-therapy for practitioners by Leopold Freund. All three [previously he also mentions Light Therapeutics by John Harvey Kellog] the above books can be found online for free. In the decades that followed, interest in the medicinal effects of light faded and was replaced by modern medication and surgical treatments. That is, until the invention of the laser.

Difference between red and near-infrared
The physiological effects of red and near-infrared light in the body occur in similar ways. For therapeutic applications, the main difference between the two is that near-infrared light penetrates deeper into the body than red light [...].While red light is often used for superficial applications such as skin treatments, for example acne, near infrared light can be used for both the skin and to reach tissues deeper in the body. [ ... ] near-infrared radiation penetrates deeper into body tissues than red light.

[…]

Russian scientists in the early twentieth century were the first to scientifically investigate and document the health effects of red light. It wasn't until around the year 2000 that we saw an explosion of interest in red light research in Western countries like the United States. And since then, the amount of publishing activity on this topic has increased almost exponentially. To date, more than 50,000 articles have been published on red and near-infrared light therapies. [ ... ] Of the more than 50,000 studies published so far on red light therapy, none adverse side effects reported. [ ... ] The only nutrient essential for efficient energy production that cannot be obtained from food is red light.

[…]

Red light therapy
Important to understand about cellular metabolism is that each step of the process is guided by a specific enzyme. One such enzyme is called cytochrome c oxidase, which was discovered in 1926 by Dr. Otto Warburg, who received a Nobel Prize for his discovery. [ ... ] Dr. Warburg discovered that by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, a healthy cell can be turned into a cancer cell-a finding that has been validated by a number of recent experiments.

[…]

Cytochrome c oxidase is unique in that it absorbs light, specifically within the red and near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Thus, red and near-infrared light not only liberates the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme from nitric oxide inhibition, it also directly energizes this enzyme, increasing its activity. The result is improved cellular metabolism with the following beneficial physiological effects, which arise from increased metabolic activity:

Increased energy production (ATP)

Increased cellular oxygenation

Increased blood flow in the body

Increased CO2-production

Less stress hormones

Reduced lactic acid

Less inflammation

Fewer free radicals

It is this cascade of beneficial physiological properties that may be responsible for most, if not all, of the broad beneficial effects of near infrared and red light therapies.

Summary: Red and near-infrared light penetrate deep into body tissues, where they transmit their healing effects by enhancing the production of mitochondrial energy.

[…]

Since the publication of this book, I have received some extraordinary testimonials from people who have achieved incredible results with red light therapy. Most of these people had tried various regular and alternative treatments without success. Time and time again, red light therapy has been successful where other treatments have failed.

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Stephanie Hallett – Healing with red ligt therapy (2020)

Hallet writes under the headline Light therapy and stem cells: Remarkably, red and near-infrared light can stimulate not only our healthy, active cells, but also our stem cells. This is important because stem cells have the ability to produce many differenttypes of cells and help our body when the dat need have. Under dR. Hamblin of Harvard University, PBM can boost the mitochondria of stem cells. That encourages them to move out of their niches come in our bone marrow [bone marrow cavities], our organs and elsewhere in the body to get oxygen. go search. ‘Once they emerge from their niche, they are exposed to the signals emitted by tissues that the stem cells need’, says Dr. Hamblin. When tissues are damaged, they hope to repair themselves by attracting stem cells. Those stem cells try to reach the site of the damage, but it certainly helps to get them out of their niches. Thus, by shining red and near-infrared light on our body, we give ourselves the opportunity to activate the stem cells that can cure.

Hallet ask a question and answer it, in Chapter 2 of her book: Okay, is there evidence to support all claims? The short answer: yes! More than 4,000 PPE laboratory studies have been conducted, as well as about 700 clinical studies. In total, more than 6,000 articles have been published on this topic – almost 500 in 2018 alone, which indicates an increasing interest in this treatment.

Looking back over the past ten years, we can point to a number of particularly important articles. In 2006, a major report was published in the journal Nature, highlighting the ability of near-infrared light to remove nitric oxide from cytochrome c oxidase, returning stressed cells to their normal, healthy function. Report notated on that ‘any solution to the excessive binding of nitric oxide could lower the risk of both cancer and degenerative diseases’, as it would encourage diseased cells to die and rejuvenate healthy cells. The following year, the Journal of Rheumatology published a review of research on the treatment of chronic neck pain and found the that LLLT therapy effectively reduced pain and improved functioning in the medium term in acute and chronic conditions. In 2009, The Lancet published a similar review of research on PPE for neck pain and came up with similar results: the treatment works immediately in patients with acute neck pain, and up to 22 weeks after treatment in people with chronic neck pain.

This list is even longer: studies and reviews have been published in journals such as the Journal of Applied Oral Science, the British Journal of Sports Medicine and a large number of Laser Therapy Journals around the world. The PBM community is still working on larger, randomized high quality clinical trials, especially investigations which are carried out on American patients in American hospitals and which are published in large medical journals – it takes money, but it happens.

Pain and red light
About pain, Hallett writes in her introduction to Chapter 3: If something is truefor PPE therapy is the most deployed and why it known, then it is pain relief. There are dozens of FDA-approved devices available to help treat pain, from small portable devices that resemble shower heads to larger light panels that are designed to treat larger areas of the body. The science is clear: when red and near-infrared light are applied to the body, is it very effective in reducing inflammation and thereby relieving pain, especially in the neck, back and joints; also are photobiomodulation great for relieving arthritis-related pain.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that about one in five American adults lives with some form of chronic pain – that's about 50 million people – with women, the elderly, unemployed adults, people living in poverty, and rural Americans suffering the most. The pain can lead to a number of poor outcomes: lost productivity, anxiety and depression, opioid addiction, and an unsatisfactory quality of life. Git's a miracle that so many people are turning to alternative treatments such as cannabidiol (CBD), acupuncture and now red light therapy for relief.

Sport and red light
On recovery in sports, Hallett writes in her introduction at Chapter 4: Athletic recovery is another area where photobiomodulation showing his strength. Inflammation and muscle pain are normal parts of physical activity and are whatever your physical condition expect. Especially the bodies of professional athletes have it particularly hard to endure. For those who are at the top, but even for the daily sports enthusiast, a quick and complete recovery is the key to getting back into action. Because PPE therapy is so effective in reducing pain and inflammation, attracts the many top athletes to for recovery and relief, including NHL hockey players, Olympians, and NBA basketball players.

[…]

"Professional athletes swear by PBM for recovery. NBA and NHL players, Olympic Athletes and other champions are extremely positive about light therapy, where they are part of their improved performance and overall health ascribe. But ordinary athletes can also benefit from this, whether you have a teacher a barista who lifts weights or a lawyer who lives out on weekends during the Zumba-les. All bodies can become stiff and painful after a workout and whole body PPE treatment with a light panel or a red light- bed can reduce pain and inflammation, you muscles help to faster to restore or to you're back on your feet get.

Chronic diseases
The topic of chronic diseases Hallett addresses in Chapter 5 of her book: ‘chronic conditions - from dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and severe, long – term swelling to rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia-affect very many Americans. These conditions can be difficult to diagnose, and many people struggle often years of mysterious, painful symptoms before finally getting answers. Even then, chronic conditions can resist treatment, with frustration and pain as a result.

For many of these conditions his inflammations cause. Since PPE effectively reduces inflammation, it makes sense that red and near - infrared light therapy has proven beneficial for symptom management.

Is there still a benefit of PPE for chronic conditions? It is free of side effects, which cannot be said of most other treatments available for these diseases; the vast majority are pharmacological, so, like other drugs, they bring much number of risks. Long-term use of PBM can massive lighting offer. Also it can be typically used in conjunction with medications and other lifestyle changes, where the acts as an additional therapy.

[…]

Living with a condition such as lymphedema or rheumatoid arthritis can affect a person's ability to participate in daily life. These diseases cause pain and fatigue and are unpredictable. It's hard to know how you'll feel overnight, which can make working, parenting, and even getting out of bed a problem. With the long-term healing potential of PPE therapy, a fuller life can come within reach.

[…]

'PBM therapy offers a effective treatment option for chronic conditions, especially those conditions which are difficult to treat or require pharmacological intervention. Red light therapy is pain free, softnice and while it may take three to five sessions or longer before you begin to notice a major change in your health, with continued use, it has been shown over time that chronic diseases remarkable improve and even can cure.

Wound healing
On the important topic of wound healing, Hallett writes in chapter 7 that photobiomodulation can be used for the accelerated recovery of: Vfrom slow and non-healing diabetic ulcers to cuts and abrasions to postoperative healing. There is evidence from a large number of human and animal studies to support the use of PPE to accelerate wound healing.

Cell proliferation, decreased swelling, increased oxygen and blood flow, cell regeneration and collagen production are keys the wound healing process and occur when red and near-infrared light is applied to the skin geschenen – there is a lot of science there evidence for. However, at the moment in the USA there is a low insurance coverage for this type of treatmentand, so it can be difficult to have wounds treated with PPE, depending on where you live, despite evidence of success.

Why is red light therapy not part of every hospital or clinic? With thousands of published reports and hundreds of successful clinical trials in humans, you might think that photobiomodulation is a important form of treatment would be for a variety of health problems in the US. Instead, you'll likely find light therapy in small private wellness clinics (where even one treatment can be pricey), in some physical therapy and dermatology practices, and in some dental and veterinary clinics.

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